META-ANALISIS PENGARUH KONSUMSI MAKANAN CEPAT SAJI TERHADAP KEJADIAN OBESITAS PADA REMAJA
Abstract
Latar belakang: Obesitas kini berada pada tingkat yang mengkhawatirkan secara global dan telah menjadi persoalan kesehatan masyarakat yang serius. Pada remaja, obesitas dapat menimbulkan dampak fisik maupun psikologis yang signifikan dan berpotensi berlanjut hingga masa dewasa. Peningkatan prevalensi obesitas pada remaja dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor yang saling berkaitan, seperti genetik, kondisi fisiologis dan metabolik, aspek psikologis, status sosial ekonomi, gaya hidup, serta budaya. Namun, secara umum kondisi ini berkaitan erat dengan kebiasaan mengonsumsi makanan berenergi tinggi melebihi kebutuhan tubuh. Penelitian oleh Puhl & Heuer (2009) menunjukkan bahwa individu obesitas sering mengalami diskriminasi dalam bidang pekerjaan, pelayanan kesehatan, dan hubungan sosial. Namun demikian, dalam beberapa tahun terakhir belum banyak ditemukan kajian systematic review dan meta-analisis yang secara khusus mengulas hubungan antara konsumsi makanan siap saji dengan kejadian obesitas pada kelompok usia tersebut. Oleh karena itu, penulis tertarik untuk melakukan systematic review dan meta-analisis terhadap berbagai penelitian yang membahas obesitas pada remaja yang dikaitkan dengan kebiasaan konsumsi makanan cepat saji.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan systematic review dan meta-analisis, penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Desember tahun 2024 dengan mencari, menelaah, mengidentifikasi dan menyeleksi data primer dari penelitian observasional sebelumnya yang berada dalam kurun waktu 2013-2023, dengan lama pencarian studi akan dilakukan maksimal 1 bulan. Data penelitian dicari dari beberapa sumber database diantaranya yaitu Pubmed, Google Schoolar, Science Direct dan Springer Link
Hasil: Interprestasi hasil dari proses meta-analisis pengaruh makanan cepat saji terhadap obesitas dapat dilihat melalui forest plot. Dari hasil forest plot diketahui bahwa terdapat heterogenitas tinggi (I2=70% p= 0.002) maka analisis daya forest plot menggunakan random effect model. Hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya pengaruh makanan cepat saji ? 3 hari/minggu beresiko terhadap obesitas 2.74 kali dibandingkan makanan cepat saji < 3 hari/minggu (aOR=2.74 ; CI 95%=1.77-4.25; p= 0.002).
Kesimpulan: Mengkonsumsi makanan cepat saji dalam frekuensi yang sering (? 3 kali/minggu) berpengaruh meningkatkan kejadian obesitas pada anak dan remaja.
Kata kunci : Makanan Cepat Saji, Obesitas, Remaja
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.35720/tscs1kep.v11i01.963
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