EUTHANASIA DALAM PERSPEKTIF ISLAM DAN KEPERAWATAN
Abstract
Latar belakang: Euthanasia sebagai tindakan mengakhiri kehidupan menjadi isu kontroversial, terutama dalam konteks profesi Kesehatan (keperawatan) dan Islam. Penelitian ini bertujuan memahami pandangan Islam dan keperawatan mengenai praktik euthanasia.
Metode: Metode penelitian systematic literature review (SLR) melalui tinjauan artikel dari database Pubmed, Sciencedirect dan Googlescholar dengan kriteria jurnal inggris, fulltex, openaccess, publikasi 5 tahun (2020-2024), kata kunci “Euthanasia”, “Palliative Care”, “Islam”. Hasil pencarian didapatkan 7 artikel untuk dianalisis secara naratif.
Hasil: Hasil telaah artikel didapatkan euthanasia merujuk pada tindakan medis untuk mengakhiri kehidupan, biasanya dengan menghentikan prosedur medis. Tindakan tersebut menjadi sumber dilema etis dan moral, baik bagi keperawatan, keluarga dan moral (agama). Islam melarang euthanasia dengan prinsip memelihara jiwa (hifz al-nafs), akan tetapi dalam ranah emergensi Tindakan tersebut diperbolehkan. Perbedaan ini sebagai bentuk perbedaan ulama yang mana Tindakan pembolehan sebagai amr ijtih?di. Ketidakpastian hukum membuat praktik keperawatan kebingungan dalam mengambil kebijakan. Beberapa perawat merasa keberatan dengan praktik euthanasia, termasuk mahasiswa meskipun beberapa dokter bersikap positif.
Kesimpulan: Praktik euthanasia diperlukan beberapa pendekatan dengan melibatkan semua komponen (praktisi, manajemen, keluarga, pemuka Agama, Hukum dan masyarakat). Perawatan paliatif sebagai alternatif solusi etis yang sesuai, berfokus pada pengurangan rasa sakit dan peningkatan kualitas hidup. Keperawatan dapat mengembangkan transcultural nursing melalui pelatihan perawatan terminal yang didukung dengan kerangka konsep perawatan.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.35720/tscners.v10i01.619
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